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Teenage pregnancy is bad. At least, that’s what most people think, so they are trying to lower the rates. One team of academics got the bright idea of exposure therapy. The idea is that babies are annoying and difficult to deal with, so if we can mimic this with a toy for young girls, this will make them realize how little they want to have a baby, and thus lower the pregnancy rates:
The actual intervention is pretty simple and brief:
The Virtual Infant Parenting (VIP) Programme is a school-based preconception pregnancy prevention programme, a component of which is an infant simulator. It is a Western Australian adaptation of the US programme created by Realityworks (Eau Claire, WI, USA) and often referred to as “Baby Think It Over”. The programme seeks not only to delay pregnancy in the teenage years but also to improve knowledge and awareness of preconceptual health issues. Although “Baby Think It Over” is often implemented by teachers, nurses, or doctors, the VIP programme was implemented by school health nurses over 6 consecutive days with four main components to the curriculum: four educational sessions in small groups of four to five girls, a comprehensive reference workbook, a video documentary of teenage mothers talking about their own experiences, and caring for the infant simulator from the last school lesson on Friday afternoon through to the first class on Monday morning.
So caring for the infant is only over the weekend. Nevertheless, the results:
Graphically:
In terms of the stats:
I can’t find a big replication study, as this study was intended as a big replication study of prior studies (that were inconclusive). However, there are some academics — Swedish of course — who used a robot baby with “young people with intellectual disability” to help them “in their process of deciding about parenthood”. Given the above results, I guess this is a kind of dysgenic study in itself.
Assuming we accept the results, I think we should consider this a promising avenue for fertility programs. This is important because the usual economic policies are pretty ineffective. It appears that the exposure to babies, even if they are really robots made of plastic, primes girls/women to think more of motherhood, and not in a bad way as intended. It is not too surprising as many people can recall the longing looks at babies by girlfriends? “He’s so cute” she says, while looking at you (hint: it means I WANT THIS). So while we might not want to promote teenage pregnancy, we should certainly promote pregnancy among university students. So how about some trials of this? One could mandate (or incentivize with some bonus) infant simulator treatment at the final year of studies for female students to prime them for getting started after finishing their education.
Teenage pregnancy is bad. At least, that’s what most people think, so they are trying to lower the rates. One team of academics got the bright idea of exposure therapy. The idea is that babies are annoying and difficult to deal with, so if we can mimic this with a toy for young girls, this will make them realize how little they want to have a baby, and thus lower the pregnancy rates:
- Brinkman, S. A., Johnson, S. E., Codde, J. P., Hart, M. B., Straton, J. A., Mittinty, M. N., & Silburn, S. R. (2016). Efficacy of infant simulator programmes to prevent teenage pregnancy: a school-based cluster randomised controlled trial in Western Australia. The Lancet, 388(10057), 2264-2271.
For those wondering:
The actual intervention is pretty simple and brief:
The Virtual Infant Parenting (VIP) Programme is a school-based preconception pregnancy prevention programme, a component of which is an infant simulator. It is a Western Australian adaptation of the US programme created by Realityworks (Eau Claire, WI, USA) and often referred to as “Baby Think It Over”. The programme seeks not only to delay pregnancy in the teenage years but also to improve knowledge and awareness of preconceptual health issues. Although “Baby Think It Over” is often implemented by teachers, nurses, or doctors, the VIP programme was implemented by school health nurses over 6 consecutive days with four main components to the curriculum: four educational sessions in small groups of four to five girls, a comprehensive reference workbook, a video documentary of teenage mothers talking about their own experiences, and caring for the infant simulator from the last school lesson on Friday afternoon through to the first class on Monday morning.
So caring for the infant is only over the weekend. Nevertheless, the results:
Graphically:
In terms of the stats:
- Overall large study, with cluster (school-level) randomization
- The randomization produced a kinda imbalanced split in that the control group was worse off on social status, early drinking etc.
- But whether one adjusts for this or not, the results are fairly clear. The worst p value comes out at .016 (Cox model), which is not great, but at least not .049 bad
- If we buy the results, it seems even this brief intervention increased teenage births by some 10-70%, with a best guess of 35%.
I can’t find a big replication study, as this study was intended as a big replication study of prior studies (that were inconclusive). However, there are some academics — Swedish of course — who used a robot baby with “young people with intellectual disability” to help them “in their process of deciding about parenthood”. Given the above results, I guess this is a kind of dysgenic study in itself.
Assuming we accept the results, I think we should consider this a promising avenue for fertility programs. This is important because the usual economic policies are pretty ineffective. It appears that the exposure to babies, even if they are really robots made of plastic, primes girls/women to think more of motherhood, and not in a bad way as intended. It is not too surprising as many people can recall the longing looks at babies by girlfriends? “He’s so cute” she says, while looking at you (hint: it means I WANT THIS). So while we might not want to promote teenage pregnancy, we should certainly promote pregnancy among university students. So how about some trials of this? One could mandate (or incentivize with some bonus) infant simulator treatment at the final year of studies for female students to prime them for getting started after finishing their education.
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