The author, Karen Hao, wrote a bestselling book called
Empire of AI: Dreams and Nightmares in Sam Altman’s OpenAI. Andy had seen it in book stores, and his critics often suggested he read its chapter on AI’s impact on the environment.
So he read it. (As did we.)
Chapter 12 of Hao’s book (“Plundered Earth”) follows Chilean and Uruguayan activists as they resist Google and Microsoft’s efforts to build data centers. Chile’s economy, Hao explains, is built on “extractivism”: foreigners, first Spanish and then Americans, plundered the region’s resources (copper, lithium) while giving the Chilean people almost nothing in return. Hao frames data centers — and their water usage — as the latest example in this long, exploitative history.
“Communities across the country are vehemently fighting against the dispossession of their land, water, and other resources in service of Global North visions that do not include or benefit them,” Hao writes.
(For Andy’s part: “I’m a little bit more wary of the idea that data centers are automatically an extension of colonialism and stuff.”)
A data center Google plans to build in Cerrillos (a region in Santiago, Chile), she continues, will use “more than one thousand times the amount of water” consumed by all of the 88,000 people living in Cerrillos each year. The claim took Andy aback, because, mainly: “There’s no building anywhere in the world that uses a thousand times as much water as a city,” he said.
“For a few minutes, I read that over and over again because I’m like, ‘This just can’t be physically possible. I just don’t believe that this is the case,’” he told us.
Andy ran the numbers. In order for Hao’s stat to hold up, the amount of daily water consumption per day in Cerrillos would have to be 0.2 liters, [...] “Unless this is
Dune or something, something really weird is happening here,” he said.
Long story short, Hao asked the government for its residential water use in liters, and they gave it to her in cubic meters (1 cubic meter = 1,000 liters), meaning her claim that the data center was guzzling 1,000 times more water than the region’s residents — was about 1,000 times too high, she wrote in a correction, which thanked Andy for “raising questions,” on December 17.