I would like to write my piece here. Ill respond to some things
Regarding bears, I hike in the southeast US which I think is highly different from where you're at. We have black bears here.
So, important distinction, you can play dead vs. grizzly bears and brown bears (put your hands behind your neck, prone on the ground, spread your legs since the bear will probably try to turn you over by trying to roll you up by your legs and that'll make it more difficult)
Don't play dead with black bears. Carry bear spray and be ready to deploy it. Talk to them in a low voice, don't run, move sideways, don't look them in the eyes.
If you hike in a group you'll probably never see a bear if you're talking with your hiking partners. Most bear attacks seem to happen to wildlife photographers who tried to sneak up on a bear and caught some paws.
You can also carry a firearm but you'll catch a nasty fine if it's not hunting season and you're found with it.
I hike in grizzly territory. It can be hard to spot the difference between black bears and grizzly bears (black bears may have brown coats), but black bears have large pointed ears and no hump while grizzlies have round fluffy ears with a noticeable back hump. Speak calmly to grizzly bears and give them space do their thing if they are confrontational, otherwise they are hard to deter without using bear spray or a gun/banger. Make yourself large and yell at black bears if they are confrontational or refuse to move. If a grizzly attacks you, play dead. If a black bear attacks, fight as hard as possible, go for the eyes!
Bear spray always works (
works 98% of the time), I can't say much about the effectiveness of guns. As Froggy Fresh says, its best to hike in groups to deter them, even speaking at a normal voice drives them away. They do not want to interact with humans. Bear bells and music does nothing from what I've read, it might even attract them to you. I hike alone most of the time and I have never had issues with bears, I am more concerned about cougars.
Lots of bears will only do bluff charges, but it's hard to predict their behaviour, bear spray is always the best way to deal with an aggressive charging bear bluffing or not.
Your sweat doesn’t wick and it dries slowly. You massively risk the chances of hypothermia wearing it. Since I live somewhere cold and damp it’s something I’m very careful about.
This is good advice, wear synthetics if possible. Avoid cotton.
I have never tried trail runners but I am fine with hiking boots, it all depends on what kind of terrain you're on most of the time. When I hike I usually end up scrambling at many points, so I would imagine trail runners would get destroyed much faster than boots on that rocky type of terrain. If you're hiking on groomed or grassy trails only then boots are probably unnecessary. I only use a 45L bag for every trip I do, I should invest it a smaller 20-25L one because I really did not need all of that space, I end up taking like 3 bottles of water, lunch, and my small survival/necessities kit almost every time I go which is about all of it, the bag is overkill and I regret buying it.
Can't post any of my photos due to TMI but I love getting out there and summiting peaks regardless of size, everyone should try it at least once if they have access. I would like to get into more alpinism/glacier climbs but it's hard/expensive to start and I can't find any groups for it online, no idea how these alpinist guys meet each other.