I'm completely out of the loop on this stuff, do we have a Hydroponics thread on the forums? Got any websites or books to point a person at?
What I found is that there is precious little resources available and it kind of surprised me. 99% of the resources are weed-related and while you there is a lot of crossover in knowledge, veggies are kind of different.
Let me give you the cliffs notes I wish I had:
- Three main types:
-- Flood & Drain (this is what I did)
-- Deep Water Culture
-- Kratky
Kratky is easiest and cheapest; fill bucket of nutrient water, roots hang in air dipping into water. You must top off every day or so.
Deep Water Culture is similar but uses no water gap and has an air stone. You must top off every day or so.
Flood & Drain uses a reservoir and a pump to flood a table container your plants a few times a day. The plants get air most of the time and nutrient water when the flood occurs. I top off mine every week or two (40gallon reservoir). This is the most expensive but also the best.
Not mentioned: recirculating deep water culture or nutrient film technique.
Nutrient water -- All plants have a preferred nutrient level (called EC) that you will mix nutrients to. This level must be maintained over time. Some plants share similar EC levels and thus can grow together, some can't. In a nutshell, tomatoes and peppers are high EC and herbs and greens are low EC. I actually have two systems so I can do both.
PH must also be adjusted but it's a bit more hands-off usually and generally only needs to be adjusted in 1 direction for your system.
You must drain and clean the system every 1-10 weeks to get algae and crap out.
You measure EC levels with an EC meter.
You provide light with a grow light. Around $500 per 2x4 grow. You also need timer(s).
Fertilizers come in ratios of N (Nitrogen) P (Phosphorus) and K (Potassium). All have their own ratios depending on the intended veggies. In addition to the main 3 there is another 13 trace nutrients. You can generally ignore this and just buy e.g. tomato fertilizer to grow tomatoes which will have everything you need.
You can't detect the various nutrients in your water, you use the EC meter as a proxy for basic ion levels in the water. Over time they can get out of whack which is why water changes are a good idea. Tap water will throw off your base EC, sometimes by a lot, so filtered water is a good idea (but not necessarily required.
The start-up costs are a little expensive (500-2000$) but the consumables are all very affordable. I measure my nutrients with a precision scale because the amounts are so small. I have 3-5 years worth of fertilizer on hand right now.
Here is my setup. This is two months of growth from zero (from seed). Try doing this with an outdoor garden.
There is tomatoes, peppers, strawberries, brussel sprouts, cilantro, and cucumber growing here.
That's about it for the core basics. This is pretty off-topic so feel free to PM me if you have questions so we're not shitting up this thread.