In one recent discovery in June, he said, his unit found a 40-millimeter grenade modified for drone delivery, the first of its kind documented in Mexico.
Cartels are also increasingly making chemical bombs, the authorities say, loading drones with compounds like aluminum phosphide, a toxic pesticide that can trigger hypoxia and circulatory failure, as well as other pesticides and poisons.
In April, a cartel dropped such bombs on three towns in southeastern Michoacán, where residents told local news outlets that they felt itching, burning skin and, in some cases, a feeling of suffocation.
Mr. Ortega said the surge in drones and I.E.D.s coincided with the arrival of Colombian nationals, former soldiers recruited to train cartel fighters. In only seven months, the state authorities have arrested 53 foreigners accused of having links to organized crime, among them 23 Colombians and 22 Venezuelans.