Cheater. I said a caravel or carrack. Are you trying to
prove your theories or not? You don't even get a GPS.* You get what Columbus had, a magnetic compass, an astrolabe, and a quadrant. You're navigating
celestially, bro!
Less dilly-dally, more locking in. Columbus has a carrack, and two caravels. I'd take the caravel, its faster and more maneuverable, but the carrack has more cargo room for supplies, so dealers choice from those two options.
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Some advice: You're going to want to rig your ships like Columbus (Put square sails on the main and foremast, and run a lateen rig on your mizzen) unless you feel confident in your seamanship, in which case I'd switch up the foremast to a lateen rigging, as well.
The winds are a bitch up North, and the squares will allow you access to trade winds and the lateens will allow
you to sail close-hauled, for when the wind is having fun with you. You could probably make 3-5 knots or better when sailing ~20 degrees off a bow wind with the lateens,
if you know your shit.
*The starlink is for streaming your misadventures and shitposting ONLY.